Sample of Selling Product Proposal

Love what you're doing when you're selling a product. The popular image of a salesperson as someone willing to â€Å"sell at all costs† is not the reality across the board in sales. A good salesperson loves sales, is motivated by what they're selling, and transfers this enthusiasm and belief to the customer. Indeed, the customer is given options, including the one to walk away, in order to avoid such undue pressure. Learn how to listen to customers and to read their body language. Avoid interrupting or disagreeing with a customer, and provide your customer with space to talk. Know how to interpret a customer's folded arms, eye contact, and manner of standing toward or away from you. Make the customer comfortable and you're off to a good start in selling your product. 2Be knowledgeable about the product. There is nothing more infuriating to a potential customer than to come across a half-hearted salesperson who claims uncertainty about what the product can and can't do, what it's made from, and what happens when things in it stop working. It is absolutely vital to know your product range inside out and if you do not know something a customer asks of you, let them know you'll find out and get back to them as soon as possible. 3Help the customer see the perks. As well as getting good product information to the right people, it is important to translate the product's features into benefits for the customer, thus making it easier for them to buy. Have you used the product, tested it, tried it out, or worked with it–whichever is relevant? Do you feel comfortable about being able to talk to a customer as someone totally familiar with the product? Ask yourself one simple question: Why should a customer buy my product? If the only answer you can come up with is â€Å"So I can get paid,† you're selling the wrong product. 4Ensure that the product has been adequately explained. Good product information, including retail packaging, is important. Lots of salespersons and sales managers don't like to admit that sales can be completed by product information. They like to think it is their personal charm, intelligence, and determination that closes sales. For the most part, that is bunk. Not only can sales be made by product information, most sales are made this way. And this is more true today than in the past because of the proliferation of â€Å"big-box stores† and other forms of product sales without the benefit of interpersonal relationships. The product information should be informative, true and complete. Ideally, it should give the prospective buyer all the information they need to buy on the spot. For most prospects shopping without assistance, clear and easy to understand information, as described above, is important. 5Make the benefits of the product loud and clear. Besides the actual utility, beauty, or even fame of the product, what are you offering above and beyond? Make it clear to the customer what key benefits the product brings to them, such as guarantees, warranties, and after-sales service. Connecting with the Buyer 1Understand the motivations of the buyer. When presenting the product to the customer, bear in mind that most successful products and services are bought, not sold. They are bought by people who have a need, and believe that the product will satisfy that need. This is often the result of marketing rather than selling, however. Selling the product rather than just offering it for sale almost always involves an emotional component. Take some time to look at the marketing side of the product. What images and promises have been created by the marketing around the product that you're trying to sell? In what ways can you continue this theme where it seems most appropriate to maintain the promised satisfaction the marketing offers? During your presentation, confirm that your prospective buyer will want or need your product. You will need to do this through a range of methods, including observing their reactions, listening to them carefully, and asking them clear questions about what they actually need. If you're visiting your potential buyer's office, look at their wall and desk. What photos, posters, or images can you see? Are there images of family, pets, vacations that will provide you with a connection to this person's wants? 2Know how to open with a customer. Instead of asking the close-ended question â€Å"May I help you? â€Å", ask the more positive, open-ended â€Å"Are you looking for something for yourself is it a gift for someone special? † And be alert to making comments on the product before getting into a deeper discussion with the customer, such as â€Å"These long legged computer stands are really popular this summer. 3Convert the customer's motivations into the product's characteristics. In marketing, this is known as â€Å"positioning†, and it consists of equating the product with the customer's hopes and desires. The following positioning factors are all of importance when selling a product[1]: Position the product in the best spectrum of the ma rket possible. Mark H, McCormack calls this finding your â€Å"biggest bulge of buyers†, and not pitching the product too high or too low in terms of affordability and luxury. [2] Position the facts about the product according to the person you're selling it to. You may have a handful of different facts, but it's up to your skill to know which of those facts best serve each individual sale. Position the facts so that they reflect the desired perception. However, don't fudge facts or lie outright. This is about perception, not deception. Position the facts so that they transcend the product itself. This means that the desirable, positive values associated with the product sell the product and have very little to do with the product itself. Companies that excel at this include Coca-Cola, Apple, and many designer goods or labels. Understand all the aspects that feed into the end sale of a product. Advertising, merchandising, and marketing are support functions for selling. Selling is the goal of these support functions and a good salesperson needs to have a decent understanding of each of these aspects in a product's life. Read basic texts on marketing. These will quickly bring you up to speed on many of the tactics and techniques underlying ad vertising, merchandising, and marketing. In addition, texts on starting a small business will often provide useful overview information of this type. Read How to understand marketing for more details. If your product is more for work than for play, learn a little about finance to quantify its benefits. If it's for a business, learn more about accounting to explain how it will make the investors as well as the employees happy. 5Be honest. Long-term lovers of your product will only come about if you've been honest with them. This means being transparent in your delivery of product information and also admitting your own lack of knowledge or mistakes you've made where needed. Don't be afraid of honesty; it builds trust. Think like (not about) your customers. Think about what you'd like to hear and learn about the product if you were in the customer's shoes. Don't take the easy way out and brush your customer off when stock is low or your knowledge is sparse. Always make a genuine effort to follow up customer wants, and to physically take customers to a product, and demonstrate it, where possible. A customer given a hands-on demonstration will feel more involved in the sale and more likely to purchase than one who is told â€Å"It's in aisle 5 that way† and given a brisk hand wave. Closing the Sale 1Close the sale. There are many styles and methods of closing a sale. One of the most effective has the mnemonic, ABC: â€Å"Always Be Closing. † As you confirm your prospective buyer's interest in the product, put forward trial closes like, â€Å"Does this sound like the product you want? â€Å". When answered in the affirmative, this may mean you have completed the sale on that product, and it is time to build the sale with related products. 2Be prepared to give customers time to consider. Appearing overly pushy is a turn-off for many modern-day buyers who do their own savvy internet research before coming to see you. They may want to go home and do a quick online search; let them do so with your enthusiastic and supportive pitch in their mind. If you've been truthful, helpful, considerate, and enthusiastic and the information you've given them matches with what they read online, it'll be your business they come back to for the product, or your product they'll prefer over a competitor's. Improving Sales 1Spread your product information. It is important to make your product information available through as many channels as possible. Today, the range of potential placements has increased a great deal thanks to the advances in communications. Give your potential buyers many possible places to find out more about your information including in the following ways: Promote your product through representatives, dealers, salesmen, radio, TV, word-of-mouth by customers, mail and email (in various forms), distribution at trade shows, seminars, telephone, fax, computer networks, product packaging, airline magazines, retail storefronts, space ads, and the Internet. And consider the worth of product placement in movies, sports games, and other big events that are televised. Use social media. This is now a very important part of getting products out into the broader, global marketplace. Places Facebook and Pinterest can be great launching pads for your product. Use local community events. Donating your product to a local school gala for auctioning to raise school funds can be a great way to get your product known, as well as getting the goodwill from the community who recognizes your generosity. 2Get creative. Sales can only be increased by certain things over which you have control but which are not necessarily self-evident. Sometimes price changes are required; other times, you'll need tweaks to the product, or a broadening or contracting of your product range. All of this will be evident from undertaking regular inventory checks and follow ups on sales performance. Some methods to increase sales include: Selling more of your existing products to your existing customers – which probably means new sales methods will need to be implemented. Adding new products. Adding new customers. Having an exclusive product for a set period of time that everyone wants. Troubleshooting Poor Sales 1Review. At regular intervals during and after the sale of your product, there should always be a review. Is the product selling well? If not, why not? Are stocks low or are you still tripping over product that has dust on it? Bear in mind the image that slow-moving or unsold products can create in the minds of a customer. Finding dust on items tells the customer the product has been there for some time and may be outdated. Seeing the same display month in and month out suggests to the customer that the product is stale and not very popular. Always review the viability of the products with these questions: Can the product be deleted from your line if it's not selling so well? Try not to add new products until you've removed the old ones or you may just have too many choices and less leverage with which to convince the potential buyer. If you're a business owner, you also risk tying up too much of your cash in stock that has the potential to go obsolete faster than you can move it. Can you liquidate obsolete products? Can you look back over your target market and sharpen the focus? You may have been missing the best fit within the market for your product. Re-evaluate product mix, product design, product location and selling methods if your product is in severe sales decline. EditTips Know what your competitors are doing and find ways to outsell their ideas. Does your product have added features, special warranties, or a better price? Using Independent Sales Reps (working on commission only). They will sell your product and get paid only when the sale is consumed. Many resources exists to find them online. Make your prices low. You will sell lots of products and get as much money as you would've done for making your item expensive and selling very little. A database such as Microsoft Access can help you organize, reorganize, and display the information your business generates for all kinds of insights. A personal information manager (PIM) program, often part of an email program, specializes in organizing contacts. A customer relationship management [3] (CRM) program goes a step further by automating their use in marketing. For example, ACT! makes it very easy to get back to a potential customer every 30 days. Other computer programs, like OpenOffice. org are also extremely helpful in organization, running reports and similar tasks. EditWarnings Never let people into your home. It is better to have an Internet-run business where people don't have direct contact with you. It may seem hard running an Internet business, but when you get going, it is definitely worth all of the work. EditRelated wikiHows

Change On Food Production Environmental Sciences Essay

Agribusiness is extremely dependent on specific clime conditions. Moderate heating and appropriate C dioxide in the ambiance may assist workss to turn faster. But more terrible clime alteration such as planetary heating, inundations, drouth, and hail may cut down outputs. Harmonizing the study, from 1981 to 1990, the mean planetary temperature has increased 0.48 A °C than 100 old ages ago. If nursery gas emanations continue the heating will besides go on, with temperatures projected to increase by 1.4 A °C to 5.8 A °C between 1990 and 2100. ( Richardson et al. 2011 ) Increases in temperature and C dioxide ( CO2 ) can be good for some harvests in some topographic points. But to recognize these benefits, food degrees, dirt wet, H2O handiness, and other conditions must besides be met. Higher Carbon dioxide degrees can increase outputs. The outputs for some harvests, like wheat and soya beans, could increase by 30 % or more under a doubling of CO2 concentrations. The outputs for ot her harvests, such as maize, exhibit a much smaller response ( less than 10 % addition ) . However, some factors may antagonize these possible additions in output. For illustration, if temperature exceeds a harvest ‘s optimum degree or if sufficient H2O and foods are non available, output additions may be reduced or reversed. Crops grown in the United States are critical for the nutrient supply here and around the universe. U.S. exports supply more than 30 % of all wheat, maize, and rice on the planetary market. Changes in temperature, sum of C dioxide ( CO2 ) , and the frequence and strength of extreme conditions could hold important impacts on harvest outputs. Warmer temperatures may do many harvests grow more rapidly, but warmer temperatures could besides cut down outputs. Crops tend to turn faster in warmer conditions. However, for some harvests ( such as grains ) , faster growing reduces the sum of clip that seeds have to turn and maturate. This can cut down outputs ( i.e. , the sum of harvest produced from a given sum of land ) . ( EPA 2012 ) All the job demand to hold fast and effectual ways to be solve good. In the text will speak other state utilize what solution to diminish the harm and to protect the harvest. Global heating has a serious impact on agricultural production, harmonizing to the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research ( CGIAR ) research study pointed out the exposure of agribusiness to climate warming public presentation of ingestion in the universe ‘s largest of several major assortments of grain, wheat, cereal, maize and rice are peculiarly sensitive to high temperature, decreased production will do nutrient deficits. ( CGIAR 2012 ) World Agro forestry Centre main ecologist Dr. Lewis aˆ? Will Carter study pointed out that the impact of clime alteration on agribusiness in developing states, for illustration, China ‘s agricultural production, the chief harvests are rice, wheat and maize, warming irrigated and rain-fed spring wheat production decreased by 17.7 % and 31.4 % , severally, the mean maize production will cut 3 % -7 % ; ( Chiras 2012 ) warming will speed up microbic decomposition of dirt organic affair, ensuing in the diminution of d irt birthrate, execution of the pesticide will increase and widen the harvest turning season, so that non merely increase agricultural costs, and affect the safety of the nutrient. ( Cline 2007 ) Solution: straw engineering is a stimulation of dirt birthrate, non merely put an terminal to the air pollution caused by straw combustion, and flesh outing output good to assist better its agricultural production. Warming chiefly due to the atmospheric concentrations of nursery gases ( CO2, CH4, and N2O ) concentration increased CO2 is the chief nursery gas, straw as a bearer stuff, energy and foods, is a valuable natural resource, straw is the straw is non straight feed straight or accretion composting installations into the dirt in a manner, the usage of straw engineering can better dirt belongingss, accelerated adobe ripening and better dirt birthrate by impacting dirt microbic biomass and microbic communities, and alterations in dirt physical and chemical belongingss, such as the many ways to increase the strength of dirt respiration, thereby increasing dirt C dioxide emanations, and can direct compensation the ingestion possible birthrate of the dirt, the biological rhythm acce lerated dirt stuff to advance the growing of good micro-organisms in the dirt better alimentary supply conditions to advance the addition of dirt organic affair and N, P, K and other content, better dirt wet keeping capacity, hiking harvest opposition. On the other manus, the mechanisation of straw including straw chopper compiled force per unit area to field a assortment of signifiers, the whole rod characteristic is convenient, fast, low-cost and big country of aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹soil birthrate advantage ; it has been one of the more mature engineerings. ( Meng et al. 2008 ) After 1760s Industrial Revolution, release more C dioxide, ensuing in runing snow to do more inundations and influence nutrient production. For illustration Yangtze river is the highest frequence of inundations in China, one of the infestation of serious natural catastrophes, ( Wanfang Data 2012 ) so for work outing the job there are two ways, cut downing C footmark and concept dike in the Crop-growing countries, use the reservoir to command inundation. ( Luo 2002 ) So for cut downing C footmark, first is China authorities encourage mills to emission gas after Purification of C dioxide, second is authorities investing research new energy. If C footmark can cut down success, may non hold excessively many inundations and nutrient production will increase. For forestalling to cut down nutrient production from inundations, China authorities built Three Gorges Project from 1994 for protect the center and lower ranges of the Yangtze River, although Three Gorges Project has Flood control, p ower coevals and transportation, including inundation control, are considered the nucleus benefits of the Three Gorges Project. So make certain protect Crop-growing countries. ( Baidu 2012 ) When the clime alteration, it besides make the drouth Frequent happening, a batch of Crop-growing countries nutrient production sudden cut down, people can increase nutrient production for work outing the job, and there is a scientist did really good in this, he created a new sort of rice, Yuan Longping, Studied of intercrossed rice engineering from 1964, three lines back uping in 1973, bred the first intercrossed rice South High Yielding Combinations first-class No. 2 in 1974, developed in 1975, the success of intercrossed rice cultivation engineering for the big graduated table intercrossed rice laid the foundation. iZhuang 2008i?†° For increasing nutrient production we need to advance the cultivation of Yuan Longping â€Å" intercrossed rice † . Yuan Longping went to eight states recent old ages including the Philippines, the United States, Japan, France, Britain, Italy, Egypt, Australia, has been invited to give talks, Teach techniques, take part in academic conferenc es or proficient cooperation and research international academic activities 19 times. Hybrid rice go to the universe, the United States, Japan, the Philippines, Brazil, Argentina and more than 100 states have introduced intercrossed rice and we need do better. ( CCTV News 2012i?†° Internationally, the effects of clime alteration on agribusiness and nutrient production are likely to be similar to those seen in the United States and China. The effects of clime alteration besides necessitate to be considered along with other germinating factors that affect agricultural production, such as alterations in agriculture patterns and engineering. As the reader understanding from the text, some solutions and make ways are from experts, but non all of the famers have high instruction and high accomplishment to salvage the low nutrient production because of clime alteration. Many husbandmans because there was n't adequate agricultural cognition lead to cut down the figure of harvest production. Such as China, Farmers mean instruction by deficiency of fixed figure of twelvemonth 7 old ages. In about 490 million rural labour force, the primary school civilization grade and illiteracy semiliterate histories for 40.31 % , the junior in-between school civilization grade of 48. 01 % , high school civilization grade of 9.7 % , proficient secondary school civilization degree 2 % , above college civilization degree accounted for merely 0.52 % . ( Dong et al. 2006 ) If can non better the instruction quality of famers that will effects the agribusiness development. These phenomena get the attending of the authorities. A batch of local agribusiness agency has begun to action, they launch a preparation class Teach husbandmans better cultivation of nutrient, and besides reply famer ‘s inquiry about works the harvest. The agribusiness agency besides distribution of free engineering books to husbandmans about pollution-free veggies cultivation and the quality and safety of agribusiness merchandises. Through the preparation, better the husbandmans ‘ scientific discipline and engineering quality, developing they rely on scientific discipline and engineering to increase nutrient production. The authorities besides hope famers use their new cognition to make the new assortments can turn up in the different clime, and get the better of the terrible environment alteration to do nutrient production jobs to minimum. ( HNXNC 2012 )

Developing individuals and teams ( CMI Level 3 Diploma) Assignment

Developing individuals and teams ( CMI Level 3 Diploma) - Assignment Example I believe that factors such as a clear communication of the objective to team members, frequent communication between team members, knowledge sharing, willingness to help each other, a high degree of engagement of team members with the team objective and able leadership contribute to the effectiveness of the team. Absence of these factors can make a team ineffective. Question 3 I believe that working as a team increases the probability of success and chances of achieving project objectives. Cross-functional knowledge sharing between team members increases the overall competency of a team. Working as a team creates the scope for team members to share knowledge through interactive communication and a diversity of ideas increases the level of creativity within the team. Every team member has a distinct competency and skill level and combinations of such team members creates the scope for the team to sail through a turbulent environment. ... I have successfully operated my role of a team coordinator while working with different teams, and I believe that my ability to adapt in difficult conditions has significantly helped me in such context. There were no such occasions while I was asked to work outside of your preferred role; hence it is not possible for me to answer these questions. Question 5 I believe a good team player should have the characteristics such as: 1) ability to respect other team members because without respecting opinions of other team members, it would not be able to trust the capacity of other team members, which can destroy the team objectives in the contingent period; 2) ability to coordinate with team members in fulfilling the project objectives because lack of coordination between team members can slow down the pace of project completion; and 3) ability to follow orders without asking unnecessary questions to authority because renouncing the direction of authority would increase disruption in the t eam. Question 6 In my team, a situational leadership model was followed and each of us had the chance to show leadership skills during the contingent period by exposing our skill set. Working in a democratic environment and encouraging team members to make decisions in the contingent period was the major strength of the situational leadership model. But, in some cases, absence of a particular leader had created chaos of ideas among team members. Part 2 Answer 1 Fitzsimons, James and Denyer (2011) and Pearce and Manz (2005) defined leadership as the ability of individuals to influence the thinking process of others and also move others in the direction of the very individual. Every institution needs good

Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Ethics - Case Study Example It will also eradicate corruption and many other wrong doings. The pressure could be in the working conditions or the way the employees are treated by the management. The benefit of coming up with this system is that it will be able to protect the integrity of the organization no matter how small it is. These hotlines are good. As they are currently referred to as a whistleblower, because of how one can tell of their problem without fear. This is because of the fact that they are able to discuss anything without the fear of retaliating. For example if there is bad leadership in the firm the people will speak out without the fear of being sacked. The firm should change the leadership style and come up with exactly what people need. Through this, the employees will always be proud of what they do. The employees should always be updated on the progress of the company. This is to ensure that they can be able to have an open chance of contributing to what is going on in the organization. Having this system is ethical because we go by the culture of the firm and follow the ideas of the employees. It creates a feeling of patriotism in the firm. It also motivates the employees to work hard and boosts their self-morale because they are able to participate in the managerial ideas. It makes them become the best and give the best they have for the firm. On top of all these the employees should be taught on their code of conduct while dealing with the hotline. This is to avoid lack of respect to the system. This is not for discouraging the employees from expressing their ideas or complains (Boehme 2). It will help them conquer the fatigue caused when the employers start being unrealistic in their hotlines. It helps them remain in the context of what has really brought them to work. The organization should make sure that they implement the ideas which are raised by their employee. This will motivate them to use

Camera Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Camera - Essay Example Until the execution the power is in the hands of the state, but later, the forces which control the action and the reaction are out of control, more in the hands of the public, the media, and the system. The impact which a picture has on the audience and that which a government has on the masses are greatly subject to individual response and collective reaction. "Like the state, the camera is never neutral. The representations it produces are highly coded and the power it yields is never its own" ("The Burden of Representation: Essays of Photographies and Histories" (John Tagg 2006). The production of the picture taken by the camera is always subject to the point of the view of the photographer. The camera is more powerful than the cameraman. The biases, opinions of the photographer are captured with more depth and detail through the lens of the camera. The picture contains in it messages which are very subjective. The impact is unforeseen. The range with which a camera covers is wider than the vision of the photographer. Many times the impact is more than the expectation. What the eyes see is the expression of influences: perceptual, experiential, and epistemological (John Tagg 2006). The vulnerability and the rawness of the picture are beautifully explained in the book "Raw Histories" by Elizabeth Edwards where she passionately reveals the power which a picture has to shape the history of a government, system or the state. The dynamic role of camera to project different perspective is where the camera's view intersects with the state's vision. Anthropological photographs as 'history' can offer insights into the role of governance, as well as articulate history of past actions. The rawness of interpretation and the ambiguity of perception with which a photograph is loaded add complexity to it as a form of art. It exposes the vulnerability in all of us in framing, containing and releasing their research potential. (Berg Publishers: Raw Histories. 2002). In the field of history of photography and critical theory John Tagg's work is remarkable. His work "The Burden of Representation: Essays of Photographies and Histories" "( John Tagg. 2006). focuses on the importance of a photographic image in the form of archive and display in the museum. His collection of essays concentrates on the history of photography and analysis of its impact on the audience. He cross examines the intersection of power and photographic image. Image can trigger lasting impact on the state as well as the world scene. Camera as an impartial recorder of facts plays an important role in documentation, documentary and governance. His essay powerfully brings out the critical role of camera in projecting an image of the state, for the people of the state. It establishes direct connection between the ruler and the ruled, which crosses over with time with the change of events. Allan Sekula is a photographer, filmmaker, writer and critic In his essay "The Body and the Archive," Alan Sekula examines that the archive is rooted in the culture of this century. The operation of the archive became a device for regulatory control. It led to class and classification, as the basis for photographic interpretation. The apparatus of the camera played a key role in

2015 milan women ready to wear collection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

2015 milan women ready to wear collection - Essay Example Next, let’s move on to London where we chose three stores, namely Selfridge, Harrods and Harvey Nichols. Most brands they stocked are high-end. Now let us talk about some brands that we picked. The first one is Agnona, which belongs to Zegna group. The price ranges between 550 and 6000 euro. You can shop for this brand through department stores such as harrods, neimanmarcus and you also can find the clothes on the Stylight and Yoox website. Second is Andrea incontri, whose price ranges between 300 and1200 euros. This brand is not accessible everywhere, but you can find the clothes through department store and multi brand stores. It is sold in concept stores such as Dover store both in Tokyo, London and yoox and the corner, which are ecommerce. The third brand is Auilanorimondi, which sells for 150-1000 euro. You could find the brand in la rinasente, Harvey Nichols in hk. Famous multi store that has this brand is Biffi, which sells online through yoox and the corner. The last brand we focused on is blumarine, which goes for 500-10000 euro. You can find this elegant brand in high-end store like Harvey Nichols, Neiman and Saks as well as in the ecommerce, the corner and

Software Architectures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Software Architectures - Essay Example Logic tier is associated with the manipulation of the data in use by the application. It is commonly referred to as the implementation of "business logic", the "brains" of the application. Presentation tier is associated with the displaying of the manipulated data on the screen. (Scott Rosenthal, 2007) In the beginning, all three functional tiers were located at the central server, the Mainframe. Users could access this centralized computer by the means of dumb terminals. Applications in which the three tiers are located at the user's local system are known as Desktop applications. The commonly used Microsoft Office application is an example of desktop application. The 1980s saw the advent of the popular two-tier, client-server architecture. In this arrangement the application running in the client machine interacts with the server, most commonly, a database management system. The client contains the presentation logic and the business rules. Thus making changes to the business rules caused changing and redistributing the application. This gave rise to the implementation of the three-tier architecture which visualized the separation of the presentation logic and the business rules. (Scott Rosenthal, 2007) Adopting of any particular architecture for a software application is based on what that a... It depends on the number of users trying accessing the application. Two-tire client-server architectures work fine if the number of users is expected to be low, less than 100 and when non-real-time information processing is required. Today, however, the increasing complexity of client/server applications, the sophistication of technologies available and access to the internet all contribute to the high performance demand of the application. The trend today, therefore, is evidently towards more complex three-tier architectures. Examples Today, the IS (information systems) organizations prefer to buy certain applications such as those for accounting and human resources instead of developing them themselves. The vendors of packaged enterprise software, such as SAP, Oracle etc. that make these applications have implemented them on three-tier client/server architectures because to them the sophistication of available technologies required a three-tier architecture to provide adequate performance. (Gill, 1998) The advent of internet giving rise to millions of users requesting for information processing and companies adding back-end databases have given rise to the adoption of three-tier architecture or conversion from two-tier to three-tier architecture in application development in order to provide the increased scalability needed. Today, over the internet, real-time information processing is required everywhere. Be it sending/receiving important e-mails for business purposes, playing online games with people in different parts of the world or even browsing for information for school assignments. This demand for real-time information processing has obligated the web application developers to

Future for Purchasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Future for Purchasing - Essay Example But the situation changed with the introduction of Information technology, which brought significant changes in the dealings of business operations. The package it provided to an organization to overcome the limitations of traditional purchasing is 'e-purchasing'. Viewing the importance of E-Purchasing the paper tries to bring about some information on e-purchasing but specifically focusing on what an E-Purchasing actually means, how it is carried out and its overall contribution to the business in the next decade. The introduction of information technology has brought dramatic changes in the business operations. In spite of the huge investments were fabricated by the business organizations in the action ability planning arrangement implementations they could not get appropriate advice for authoritative able business decisions. But the placing of 'e' in front of any process or function proved to be the magic formula for the untold success and the rapid returns for the organizations. One such example to give is E-Purchasing. E-Purchasing is considered as the basic component of an e- procurement capability. Through e-purchasing the business organization can automate and extend the manual buying processes right from the creation of the requisition through to payment of the suppliers (Biechler, 1997). Thus the process of using of internet facility by the business organizations for purchasing goods and services is referred to as e-purchasing. E-purchasing essentially involves the buying of goods and services via internet. In other words it can be told as a system using information technology to streamline the purchase of goods and services in order to reduce costs. The internet can perform all the steps required manually for performing the purchasing function including ordering, payment and delivery. To avail this so many online banking services have been introduced by the financial institutions such as electronic bill payment, and funds transfer, so that the business can improve its operational efficiency. In accession to this the business alignment can use e-mail as a accelerated and reliable way to acquaint with suppliers or to acquire and acknowledge to chump queries like quotations, information, acquire orders, assassinate deliveries, and aggregate ante from the customers. The e-business can also make the operations of business effective through the greater use of electronic bookkeeping and records management. Thus the supplies received through internet helps to reduce the storage cost and the space required for the goods in the business organizations and thereby serving the customers faster and more effectively (Chia, 1998). E-purchasing is usually referred to as a user-friendly, Internet-based purchasing arrangement that offers e-purchase adjustment processing and added authoritative functions to the buyers that after-effects in added operational efficiencies and abeyant amount accumulation to the business organizations (Breite, 2001). The e-purchasing ability provides the Business organizati

Sociological Imagination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Sociological Imagination - Essay Example capacity to shift from one perspective to another; the capacity to range from the most impersonal and remote transformations to the most intimate features of the human self – and to see the relations between the two of them. (1959: 9) The theorist is of the view that social change is an inevitable phenomenon that takes place in all human societies of the globe at large from the most primitive to the most modern ones. This social change, according to the theorist, may be the outcome of some immediate incident or catastrophe as well as the historical background of the society where the change is going to come about. Such transformation can alter the entire social environment including the prevailing social norms and traditions existing within a social set up. Mills believed that the persons need to have an understanding of the history of their society to understand the society, and themselves in it, and through this determine what their moral values are.  (Quoted in members.oz email.com.au) Hence, the latest or upcoming change can be estimated by looking into the traits and characteristics of transformations took place in the society in past. Since social change is inevitable in every culture and civilization and has been in vogue for centuries everywhere in the world, it vehemently revolutionizes professional, domestic, cultural and religious milieu. Though the pace, causes and consequences of such cultural transformations may be divergent in nature, scope and exposure, yet these are sure to pave the way towards adaptation of new ways, style and approaches in their wake. It sometimes happens that one single event or incident may bring revolutionary changes in social establishment. For instance, wars and hostilities inflicted by the big powers upon the weak countries deteriorate the very foundations of the vanquished states; as the lust of the western countries to capture the wealth and territories of the financially rich but strategically weak countries of Asia

1927 U.S. Supreme Court case of Buck v. Bell Research Paper

1927 U.S. Supreme Court case of Buck v. Bell - Research Paper Example Buck, although was not a mentally retarded became a victim of conspiracy by her lawyer who colluded with the state by merely opposing procedural impropriety of Virginia law. The U.S. Supreme Court merely upheld the law as compliant of fourteenth amendment without going through the mistake of fact that Buck was a mentally retarded person. Ever since, many states have enacted promptly and many have since repealed them though after decades of injustice to the forcibly sterilized victims. The genetic pre-disposition is a debatable issue and without any conclusive evidence, it is disastrous to forcibly sterilize the hapless and vulnerable persons in prisons and asylums only. What happened to eugenics, particularly enforced sterilization, in the years following the Supreme Court’s findings in the Buck v. Bell case? What is the current legal status of enforced sterilization in the U.S.? Buck v Bell (1927) case was wrong if viewed from the angle of â€Å"mistake of fact† (Larso n, 2012, p. 128) but justified within the perspectives of â€Å"Eugenics†. It was a mistake of fact because Buck was not mentally retarded nor had a promiscuous life. Her own foster parents’ relatives had raped her resulting in her giving birth to a mentally retarded child which died at the age of eight. ... It is a scientific fact that mental illnesses can be due to genetic predisposition of individuals concerned meaning that these diseases are hereditary in nature capable of being passed on to future generations or off-springs of an affected individual. Thus, the well-meant laws of state legislature could not but be upheld by the Supreme Court in deference to the wishes of the legislators. Virginia’s eugenic laws were defended by both conservatives and progressives. Republicans, Democrats, lay citizens, Christians and Jews also supported the bills. Supreme Court only upheld the popular will of States concerned. The notions of â€Å"like breeds like† and public policy considerations advocated in Plato’s Republic and the idea of encouraging best humans to reproduce were overwhelming as well (Larson, 2012, pp. 120-121). The Buck decision came in 1927 and by 1937 thirty two states had enacted compulsory sterilization laws and five more could manage sterilizations witho ut passing laws to that effect. Merits of eugenics notwithstanding, the Supreme Court was placed with factual mistakes concerning the victim Buck and it therefore upheld the law as having complied with due process requirement that was the only dispute at issue consequent to 14th Amendment (Larson, 2012, p. 124). It is quite ironical that Supreme Court did not think it fit to hold the view that criminal behavior was inheritable and hence ruled against sterilization proposals for three times repeat offenders in the year 1942 while deciding in Skinner v. Oklahoma (1942). As such, the Supreme Court has not overruled Buck so far. Skinner was overturned for reasons of sterilization as a punishment rather than

Who Do I Want to Become a Psychologist Essay Example for Free

Who Do I Want to Become a Psychologist Essay So, I want a PhD in neurocognitive or cognitive psychology because: 1) I was made to be a psychologist. I may not be as articulate as I want to be here but here it goes As a preteen, for all my science fair projects leaned in the direction of psychology (one year I remember trying to test my classmates mood at different times during the year to examine the mood- weather relationship). The first time I seriously became interested in neuroscience/psychology I was 20 years old or so my cousin had just committed suicide at the time and I was looking for answers (especially because I had been having suicidal thoughts for a couple of years before his deathwhich is scary because I wasnt even 21 yet). It was easier for me to accept the fact that he was ill if I had physical proof that his brain (and mine) was different. I also grew up with a schizophrenic aunt. She used to tell me that there were people who were talking to her and that her thoughts were being recorded I always wanted to know what she saw. This was about the age when I started feeling guilty for how I had treated her when I was younger (at this point I may have been a bit older like 25). I also have another bipolar aunt, who, at the time, kept trying to kill herself every few months (actually when I was around 13, she once told my mom she wanted to speak with me, and then told me that she was going to kill herself yeah, its messed up). All this combined with my own manic and depressive episodes I frequently questioned reality when I was my normal self. The fact that physical changes in the brain could create these differences in the intangibleI believed that I could have all the answers to my questions about my reality, and my illness if I could understand the brain This lead me to 2) As a result of experiences during my early adult years I gradually became an spiritual and not claiming a religion, but my first research methods/experimental psychology class was a religious experience. That sounds over the top, but research is the only means by which I can answer the questions I have about my mental life: psychology is my religion. Training to become a better researcher helps me make sense of my meaningless world. So, I want a PhD to become a better researcher. 3) I enjoy debating and creating experimental designs to answer the many, many questions I have about different aspects of human cognitionand I tend to find questions everywhere. I have been known to spend weeks on literature reviews based on something I disagreed with in a random NYT article and then create hypothetical designs based on what Ive found. I already do it for free I think its high time I get paid for it. A PhD program will pay me for it. I also want the ability to turn my hypothetical designs into actual research I cant do that without the independence a TT job will get me or the training I will receive as a doctoral student and a post-doc fellow. Thats why I want a PhD in psychology. I have a passion for research in psychology and would have little credibility without a PhD. I will not be able to secure the grant money I may want for what ever I want to do in the future and I dont want to be dependent on other faculty members forever. A PhD and a TT job will give me the freedom to do what I want in terms of research I guess thats my real answer. Now, if only I were allowed to be this truthful in a personal statement Also, being called Dr. is kind of cool but its not like people in our field call each other doctor And, to my family, Ill never be a real doctor because I will not have an MD. I’m a felon, it’ll never happen.

Consider knowledge issues Essay Example for Free

Consider knowledge issues Essay â€Å"That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow.† Consider knowledge issues raised by this statement in two areas of knowledge. Nowadays, due to for example technological development, every day can bring us a new knowledge. Something that yesterday was unthinkable, today turned into reality. Does that work in the opposite way? Does knowledge from hundreds of years ago is still considered as truth? Does knowledge have a period of validity? I found it very interesting considering the fact that most people believe in everything what famous scientists say. They are learning things, which are written in books or newspapers and they consider it as truth. But how do we know that something is truth? There are various of theories which are created every day and overturned after few days or even hours. While thinking about all knowledge theories, one question is coming to our mind, how do we know that previously accepted knowledge is timeless, and when it is accountable to be inverted as new thinking emerges? On those questions I will try to answer in my essay. To accurately answer the question posed in the task, areas of knowledge to which I am going to relate my work are history and human sciences. Technological development which was mentioned before allowed us to verify whether created theories are true or false. Theories from which we obtains our knowledge are changing constantly. Some of them could be overturned after they were assessed as unreliable. Such assessment can be done due to development which we already obtained. However, technology can also be used to improve the reliability of such knowledge. As an example of such theory I will use biological cell theory. In 1590, Hans and Zacharias Janssen invented a microscope under which in 1665 Robert Hooke firstly discovered cells, the basic units of structure and function of all living organisms. There was not many informations about this new discover. For years, scientists have expanded their knowledge about cells and they are doing it even now. Thanks to technology, now we know almost everything about cells. How they replicate, what they contain inside of them. The theory has been improved so this is still considered as reliable knowledge. Another example of improvement in sources of knowledge could be found in physics. In ancient Greece, Democritus discovered the smallest unit of matter atom. Due to  many various experiments performed till now, theory about atom has changed many times and it is still not over. Scientists are always looking for new informations, therefore they are collecting new knowledge. From this knowledge new theories are created and then, by new technologies those are considered as true or false or improved. Another example of knowledge which was discarded after a long time is psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a method of understanding and treatment of human psychology and the theory allows to explain the different social and cultural phenomena. It was begun in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century by the Viennese physician Sigmund Freud. For many years, psychoanalysis was considered as the best method of treatment of mental disorders based on assumptions psychoanalytic theory. It assumes that the primary cause of the symptoms is unconscious memory, which involves strong emotions, resulting in a traumatic situation. Goal of psychoanalysis as a therapeutic method is to restore the consciousness of those memories. Critics of psychoanalysis as a scientific theory argue that it cannot be verified experimentally, so it cannot be classified as science, but only to literature, pseudoscience or para-science. In addition, many authors believe that Freud in many places falsify his observ ations to confirm his theory. Karl Popper took example of psychoanalysis as a theory unfalsifiable, and therefore unscientific. Unfalsifiable of psychoanalysis can be represented by the following example. A person smokes a cigar. Psychoanalysis claims that in this way this person satisfies his oral needs. If this person confirms, it would constitute proof of the veracity of the claims of psychoanalysis. If, however, deny that the reasons for the denial of that to be found in ignorance and denial. Thus, it also confirms the truth of the claims of psychoanalysis. Except Freud, there are many other psychoanalysts. As an example I will use Alfred Adler. Alfred Adler was an Austrian medical doctor and psychotherapist who found school of individual psychology. Different case in point how knowledge can be discarded we can find in case of penicillin. It was the first antibiotic found in 1928 by Alexander Fleming. Firstly, it was considered as the best known to humanity treatment for almost all the diseases. The mechanism of action of penicillin as  antibiotics by blocking the activity of bacterial enzymes. It lend a hand to a lot of people with their diseases and sufferings and it brought a great success to scientists which found it. They even got the Nobel Prize in 1945 for inventing penicillin. However, after a few years when penicillin was on the market, many people started to complain on side effects of penicillin. It turned out that a lot of them are allergic to penicillin and therefore they have huge problems with their health. Some people even had anaphylactic shock after first dose. Moreover, users of penicillin were complaining from fever, chilling, profuse sweating, cyanosis or hypotension. These facts have rejected the recogniti on of penicillin as the best antibiotic and therefore knowledge that penicillin is the best antibiotic was discarded. Nowadays due to technology we have much better kinds of antibiotics. Many of them are antiallergic and therefore may be used by all people suffering from different diseases. Except science, knowledge changes also on historical ground. It mainly refer to revisionist historians. History we learn is changing all the time, as revisionist historians change things so as to fit the truths more likely than it is. As it is known, history is always incomplete. There are many facts about we do not have a clue or we dont know why something happened. Thanks to revisionist historians, old theories are in fact changed into the new ones, which are considered as better and therefore more accurate truth of the world is created. In this case, old theories are not discarded, but evolved to adjust to the flow of time and new informations possessed. Therefore, theories created by earlier generations are accepted but changed in future to fit the truth more likely. This brings us to consensus that even though a few years ago something was considered by historians as truth, today due to technology and revisionist historians it may be considered as totally different. As we can see, nothing stays forever on our planet. Everyday everything changes, new knowledge is discovered and new theories are created. World is constantly evolving and brings us new technology by which we can discover new informations and therefore knowledge. Psychoanalysis, discover of penicillin, cell theory, revisionist historians and discover of atom are all  an examples of how can knowledge change due to the passage of time and technology development. Taking this into consideration, the statement mentioned in the subject That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow. perfectly represents the idea and speed of development of modern world. Even though today we think that something is true and different theory is unacceptable, in few years or centuries it could be discarded or evolved into the new theory.

Leadership In Contemporary Organisations Management Essay

Leadership In Contemporary Organisations Management Essay Leadership is considered to be the key enabler of organisational performance and competitive advantage by the organisations these days (Burgoyne, 2008). The job of a leader is to lead his/her team to achieve the goal set by the organisation. James MacGregor Burns argues that leadership is one phenomenon on earth that is most observed and least understood (Paul, 2002). The views about a leader and the definition of leadership vary among different people. Daniel Goleman (2000) says that an effective leader sets strategy, creates a mission, motivates his followers and finally builds a culture in the organisation. Ken Wilber argues that an integral leader is a man or woman who supports people aspiring to move forward. They have to make their own integral map that covers all the area that humans have to deal with (Volckmann, 2005). The concepts of leadership have been developed years ago though the word is reported to have appeared in English language recently. An effective business leader is one who is well informed of the latest research which impacts upon leadership and who is also capable of applying this to their own organisation with in an ethical framework. I personally agree with this statement as it is important for the leader to move along with the changing organisational conditions. He should be updated with the latest trends in the organisation in order to effectively lead his followers. Further part of the essay will explore the research that supports my argument. PHASES OF RESEARCH ON LEADERSHIP As mentioned, the concepts of leadership, leader and the follower has emerged years and years ago. Even Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristofle have written about leadership in the period between 400 and 300 B.C. As years progressed, the focus on leadership research has undergone a dramatic change. In the earlier years, leadership research focussed on differentiating leaders and non-leaders by identifying their traits. It then focussed on the behaviour of the leaders and in the later phase focus was on the importance of situational factors, thus giving birth to the contingency approach (Paul, Costley, Howell Dorfman, 2002). The contingency approach, when compared to the previous two phases of research, is more theoretical and hence denies the notion of effective leadership traits and behaviour. Today, in modern leadership, Charisma has become a major underlining concept and the term has different meanings that overlap. The word charisma has been used to represent different conce pts through out the phases of leadership. In a business leader perspective, it is the personal quality of a leader to gain the attention of a group of individuals. EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP AND LEADERSHIP RESEARCHES An effective leadership requires a combination of cognitive, behavioural and personality factors (Kets De Vries, 2002) and it is necessary for him or her to keep learning. It is important to see the relationship between the leadership style of a leader and the context in which they operate. The range of behaviours of a leader is categorised as goal oriented, involving and engaging. The goal oriented leader sets a direction and plays a significant role in directing the followers to achieve the goal. The next two categories, involving and engaging are less leader-centric. From a study conducted in ten organisations, it is reported that, a leader-centric and directive style is found to be inappropriate in a changing organisation context but are common and dominant in a straight forward context. Many behaviourists stated that the leader can change his style according to the organisational strategy but Fiedler (1964) came up with the contingency theory and disagreed to it. There can be le aders who are task motivated while others are relationship motivated. There is even socio-independent leaders who are neither task nor relationship motivated (Dulewicz Higgs, 2005). This implies that the leader should choose the situation that better match his/her leadership style and avoid situation that is against their style. After a few years, House developed the path goal theory and argues that leaders behaviour can be adjusted to adapt to contingencies and thus find a suitable style for a particular situation (House, 1999). The basic idea of this theory is to support the subordinates and help them to achieve their own goals as well as the goals of the organisation. Four kind of leadership styles have been proposed in this theory: Directive, Supportive, Participative, Achievement-Oriented leadership. An effective leader is the one who knows which style is to be adopted and when (Silverthorne, 2001). Directive leaders tell their subordinates, what is expected from them and give the guidance by enforcing certain rules to fulfil those expectations. Supportive leaders would be friendlier and gives attention to the needs of their subordinates. The participative leaders lead their subordinates by involving them in making decisions and finally the achievement-oriented leaders set high standards and will be con fident on their subordinates in achieving these standards. According to the path goal theory, it depends on the nature of task for the leaders to decide upon which style to adopt and hence according to the requirement, the leader should be task oriented or relationship oriented (Silverthorne, 2001). If the nature of work is unclear, then the leader should be task oriented by giving proper direction and guidance. As the knowledge and practice of leadership change with time, many researches mention about the transformation of leadership. Earlier, the businesses tried to keep up with their rivals in the competition but today, the intentions have changed and they try to blast their competitors out. As far as business leaders are concerned, they would be left behind if they dont accommodate themselves to these changes. John Ralph, the deputy chairman of a leading Australian management company has expressed his views on transformation in leadership style while speaking about the changing culture of the organisation as, leaders should encourage their followers instead of commanding and should act as a coach rather than bosses. Ray Smith, Chief Executive Officer of Bell Atlantic expressed his vision of new leadership style emerging in the United States as a moral commitment where the leaders and employees should work as partners in achieving the goals of their organisations (Sarros Santora, 2001). Trust on the employees is most important in this. Lot of researches establish the validity of the concept, transformational leadership which brings change and movement in the organisation. Many researchers define transformational leadership as one that motivates people to create change, by distinguishing it with transactional leadership that uses the power and authority that exists in the organisation. Transformational style is denoted as leader of innovation and transactional style as manager of planning and policy (King, 1994). Transactional style depends on the current structure in the organisation while transformational style creates new pathways (Mink, 1992). An effective transformational leader should have a clear sense of goals to guide their organisation in to new directions (Burns, 1978). They should have the capability to foresee the change to a long term. The interaction among the people in an organisation and the flow of information gives rise to the need for change in the organisation. A fresh look at trends and feedbac k from frontline people becomes the catalyst for change (Herrington, Bonem Furr, 2000). Transformational leadership also influences the culture of the organisation. If the culture of the organisation itself is cultural, then the growth of individual and the organisation becomes more effective (Bass Avolio, 1993). The cultures of people in and beyond the organisation are also influenced by this. However, transformational leadership have potential dangers associated with it if the leader doesnt rely on a strong ethical and moral foundation as the danger lies in the leader-follower interactions. Such kind of behaviour is defined as pseudo-transformational leadership. From the year 1999 to 2004, there has been a considerable increase in the research on servant leadership as a result of emergence of certain servant leadership models developed by several researchers. Trust is a common factor in all the research conducted on servant leadership. Servant leaders generate and sustain trust through their communicative and supportive behaviour (Tschannen-Moran Hoy, 1998). Servant leadership begins with a natural feeling that one wants to serve, to serve first and then conscious choice brings them to aspire to lead, who is sharply different from one who is leader right from the beginning. Listening and understanding, imagination, acceptance and empathy, intuition, foresight, the ability to persuade, healing and serving, the ability to build community etc are some of the other attributes of a servant leader (Greenleaf,1997). It not only builds the trust between the leaders and the followers but also among the followers themselves and is thus established as an important variable in the development and maintenance of organisational trust (Joseph Winston, 2005). Studies indicate that servant leadership has the potential to improve the organisational satisfaction, productivity, safety practices and financial performance. There are numerous researches being conducted on job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Both are at times linked to each other as the employees become less committed to the organisation if they are dissatisfied with their job. Many researchers came up with a suggestion that leadership and organisational culture has great impact on both job satisfaction and commitment. Employees job performance, behaviour and expectations vary with the nation they belong to, and the way organisations are managed reflects the national culture. There are significant differences between the way firms in east and west are managed as a result of difference in national culture. Goal setting, performing the task and decision making are directly influenced by the culture of the organisation. The researchers on organisational culture has come up with different types of organisational culture but the people working in an organisation have their own values, beliefs and attitudes which are part of their national culture. Depending on those values and beliefs the organisation can have a bureaucratic, innovative or a supportive culture. Most eastern organisations have a bureaucratic culture while western organisations have innovative and supportive culture. Leadership plays a major role in the success and failure of an organisation. The relations between leadership and performance of an employee have been explored in various researches. The attributes of transformational leadership such as empowerment and clear vision can bring greater satisfaction to the employees in their job and this leadership style works well with western organisations. The leadership in eastern organisations are based on seniority, position and authority and the leader can gain commitment of the employ by their personal relationship. There have been only a few researches done on the leadership in organisations having two or more cultures also called as multicultural organisations. In a study conducted in an organisation with Australian and non Australian workforce, it was indicated that both the work groups wanted different transactional and transformational behaviours from their Australian supervisors. Hofstede came up with four dimensions of cultural values in h is research. They are power distance, individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity/feminity. Out of the four dimensions, Hofstede states that power distance and individualism/ collectivism are the most relevant ones and these dimensions were applied in the organisation where the study was conducted (Lok Crawford, 2003). An effective business leader has to be aware of the researches on the organisational culture as he is directly linked to the success of organisation and if unaware, the whole organisation can fail due to his/her actions. Team building is an activity that a leader must concentrate on to continue to be effective in his/her operations. The leaders will have to modify their leadership style according to the changing needs of employees and also the organisational change. All the books and research papers on team building clearly differentiate groups and teams. Managers seem content with group performance while leaders always lead teams which are more productive and bring improved profit to the company. Team centred leaders are visionary and they inspire team work and mutual support. Effective leaders should have the ability to get their team members involved and committed. They communicate openly and mediate conflicts before it turns destructive (Maddux Wingfield, 2003). EFFECTIVE LEADERS ACT IN ETHICAL FRAMEWORK It is the nature of most human being to enter corruption when they gain power and control, or in other sense people tend to misuse the power they have. This possibly becomes the negative side or unethical side of leadership. In transformational leadership, charismatic leaders may develop lot of enthusiastic and honest followers who will even fail to notice the negative traits of their leader (Stone, Russell Patterson, 2003). Power with in a leader even tends to create politics in the organisation which can be called as the darker side of leadership and can weaken the leader member relationship. Organisational politics leads people to become reluctant in assisting their co-workers and hence there will be a decline in the organisational commitment. These are the times when personal interest of the leader gets dominant and they may even manipulate conflicts in order to achieve self goals instead of organisational goals (McGinley, 2009). As viewed by Rost, ethical framework of leadershi p must make individual leaders and followers accountable to their ethical responsibilities as human beings (Rost, 1993). An effective leader is the one who is aware of how and where to use the power of his/her position or personal power. Using positional or personal power in the organisation with out hampering the organisational ethics and thus maintaining a strong relationship with followers is the quality that leaders should possess to make their organisation more productive. CONCLUSION The essay has described about the evolution of leadership and the various researches conducted on it. The role of an effective leader in most of the leadership approaches have also been explored in the essay. Its been argued that learning latest studies on leadership keep leaders away from work due to information overload. But considering the changing organisational culture and change in the needs of people, it can be suggested that the leader should always keep in track with the researches. Leaders face challenge in applying the latest studies among their followers in the organisation. Effective leaders explore these studies only by following the organisational ethics, morals and leadership principles. The outcomes of unethical approach to leadership studies have also been described in the essay. It is said that negative traits of charismatic leaders are overlooked by their followers and hence they are utilised by the leaders to achieve personal goals. But this always results in wea k leader member relations and reduced organisational commitment. From this essay, it can be concluded that leaders should keep themselves updated about the researches and also should act according to the ethics and principles to make their operations more effective and thus improve the productivity of their organisation.

Comparing the Absurd in The Metamorphosis and Endgame Essay -- Compari

The Absurd in The Metamorphosis and Endgame The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms defines the Absurd as â€Å"A phrase referring to twentieth-century works that depict the absurdity of the modern human condition, often with implicit reference to humanity’s loss or lack of religious, philosophical, or cultural roots. Such works depict the individual as essentially isolated and alone, even when surrounded by other people and things.† (Murfin 2) Franz Kafka and Samuel Beckett were two of the more influential writers in this movement, as both The Metamorphosis and Endgame contain examples of this genre. While the Absurd did not fully develop until after his death, it owes much of its development to Kafka. The Absurd as a genre developed in between two world wars and the authors of this time were so used to shocks and catastrophes that these qualities were of course included in their writings. â€Å"Life held little intrinsic meaning to the characters which populated Kafka's novels and short stories. Man was isolated and constantly subjected to unknown and terrifying forces -- forces without direction, forces without control.† (Kreis 1) The entire plot of Metamorphosis revolves around an instance of absurdity, as Gregor Samsa wakes up one morning to find himself an insect. Kafka’s â€Å"characters †¦ react in a common-sense way when such a response (given the situation) is utterly grotesque.† (Mack 2299) â€Å"All events and incidents seem improbable yet the casual acceptance of Gregor’s transformation by the characters creates a sense of mystery.†(Belur 1) Kafka mixes everyday reality with dreamlike or nightmarish elements. There is never an explanation given as to why Gregor changes, he simply does. Gr... ...municate the incommunicable. Works Cited Belur, Roopa Malavally. Absurdity as Convention in Franz Kafka’s Works. 19 Mar. 2001. 27 Nov. 2002. Coulehan, Jack. Kafka, Franz: The Metamorphosis. 29 Jan. 1997. Literature, Arts, and Medicine Database. 26 Nov. 2002. Esslin, Martin. The Theater of the Absurd. New York: Overlook Press, 1969 Kreis, Steven. Lecture 12: The Existentialist Frame of Mind. 25 July 2002. The History Guide. 27 Nov. 2002. Mack, Maynard, ed. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1987. Murfin, Ross and Surpryia M. Ray. The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms. Boston: Bedford Books, 1998.

The Computer Industry Essay -- Technology, Apple Inc., Steve Jobs

Technology is the world’s leading industry today because of the fact that it has changed society in every field. Well, why has computer technology prospered through recent years? The answer is very simple, Apple Inc. Apple products have a significant impact on our society due to their stellar design and unique shape, their durability, and their many creative applications. Apple was started and 2established by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne, and Steve Wozniak on April 1, 1976. Since then the CEO of Apple has been Steve Jobs. Throughout his career in the computer industry, Steve Jobs has been called tyrannical, mercurial, brilliant, and a revolutionary man because he has brought the world a Mac, an IPhone, and a new way of living with technology (Collins 1). Apple made its biggest turning point on October 23, 2001 when the first generation IPod was released. This changed the industry of MP3 players and the way people listen to music. IPod has influenced people's lives because you can take it everywhere you go, download music on the go, and pick the perfect one that suits your personality. "The new IPod chromatic range brings some great new features to the IPods, with fantastic colors, and a design that makes other Mp3 players hang their heads in shame† (Harrison 3). People love iPods so much that they started writing poetry about them. A man named Phil Chapman, wrote the poem "Life with an IPOD", which describes all the features in an iPod, making it sound like a "l iving thing." The poem is narrated in the first-person point of view. The poem is directly related to my topic because my topic is about how the Apple industry changed the world of technology and the poem also explains how an Apple product has benefited society. The author of... ..., but let's face it for most users, a Mac cost more than a PC† (Pegoraro 1). Most users are not looking for a top of the line computer, but one that will work for their limited use for a reasonable price. None the less, the commercials are just a television advertising campaign created for Apple Inc. These commercials have many reasons why a Mac is better than a PC. There are many reasons why Apple has been prospering through the years, but the biggest reason is that the engineers at Apple build their computers and products with high quality. All of the different operating systems that their products use are very clean, smooth, and fast. People who want to stand out from the majority buy Apple gadgets because they are the newer technology on the market. They also have that great feeling walking around with that nice apple carved on the back of their iPhone and iPod.

Sociology :: Sociology Essays

Intro to Sociology When asked about transsexuals, Mildred Brown, author of True Selves quoted that it is a â€Å"dilemma of feeling trapped in the wrong physical gender.† Transsexuality is a phenomenon, which really has not been scientifically examined. Through talk shows such as Jerry Springer, Jenny Jones or the Maury Show, society tends to see a one-sided view on this matter. While watching the Maury Show, â€Å"Man or Woman†, the audience’s reaction to the transsexuals on stage were not of disgust but more of awe. They were in awe that a man could look so much like a woman and how some women showed very masculine features. The guests on this show were inevitably labeled as "freaks" regardless of whether it was verbally spoken or not. The talk show was a brief one. Maury Povich, the host, introduced 12 beautiful women onto the stage. There were two black women, five Hispanic women, and five white women on stage. They all flaunted their flawless bodies. Some were voluptuous; others were more on the thinner side, yet none of them seemed to be any â€Å"different† than any other model/porn star. All the guests on this show were in their mid twenties to their mid thirties. The theme of this show was for the audience to see if they could tell the difference between a man and a woman. Watching the faces in the audience, I noted that each and every one of them were judging all the guests. were 100% men, and some were 100% women. They all stood in a line and for each one, the cross-dressing guests would either prove the audience wrong or right in their judgments. On more than half of the guests, the audience was proven wrong. It was incredible to see some of these guests strut their bodies as the opposite gender. Some of the men looked so much like women that the audience was in complete shock when they revealed their true gender. Now came the interrogation. I call this an interrogation because all these guests are individually put on under the spotlight. Maury Povich digs under their skin to try to expose how â€Å"freakish† they really are. The audience is silent and their faces are wrinkled in confusion to try to understand why the guests are the way they are and who or what made them become like this. The guests sit on their chairs with their head held up high, legs crossed, gloating under all the attention they are receiving.

Joking Apart Essay

Joking Apart is a BBC television sitcom written by Steven Moffat about the rise and fall of a relationship. It juxtaposes a couple, Mark (Robert Bathurst) and Becky (Fiona Gillies), who meet and fall in love before getting separated and finally divorced. The twelve episodes, broadcast between 1993 and 1995, were directed by Bob Spiers and produced by Andre Ptaszynski for independent production company Pola Jones. The show is semi-autobiographical; it was inspired by the then-recent separation of Moffat and his first wife. Some of the episodes in the first series followed a non-linear parallel structure, contrasting the rise of the relationship with the fall. Other episodes were ensemble farces, predominantly including the couple’s friends Robert (Paul Raffield) and Tracy (Tracie Bennett). Paul-Mark Elliott also appeared as Trevor, Becky’s lover. Scheduling problems meant that the show attracted low viewing figures. However, it scored highly on the Appreciation Index and accrued a loyal fanbase. One fan acquired the home video rights from the BBC and released both series on his own DVD label. (more†¦) Recently featured: Stonewall riots – Hippopotamus – Ten Commandments in Roman Catholicism

“How to Tame a Wild” Tongue Essay Essay

In paragraphs 27 done 34 of Gloria Anzalduas stress How to Tame a Wild Tongue she subtly conveys her have disgust at the invariable oddment of her Chicano culture by using the rhetorical strategies of organized sentence structure, narrative flashbacks, and the incorporation of her indigenous applauder.Between paragraphs 27 and 30, the syntax conveys Anzalduas deep emotions about her linguistic identity using mostly equilibrise and declarative sentences. The perfect balanced in noticed in excerpts such as Until I can take gazump in my vocabulary, I cannot take assumption in myself. Until I can get as legitimate Chicano Texas Spanish, Tex-Mex, and all early(a) languages I speak, I cannot play the authenticity of myself. In a series of confused complex sentences Anzaldua and describes her longing for lingual bankers acceptance by stating I lead have my voice Indian, Spanish, white.I volition have my serpents tongue my womans voice, my sexual voice, m y poets voice. By organizing her sentences in this way, she draws the refs management to the fact that she is virtually unable to accept herself without her own language being pass judgment as it is a part of her. In this way the reader is able to empathise with the authors lack of self-realization and is able to more fully reckon the authors indignation with the dissection of her mother-tongue.Anzaldua employs the useable tactic of a narrative flashback to further instill an empathetic emotion in the reader. She recounts her stunned amazement upon reading her early Chicano novel City of Night. short after that she is exposed to more Chicano belles-lettres an even poetry, and with each exposure she gains a feeling of pure joy and a sense of belonging. Here, she targets a the prefatorial human emotion of trusting to be accepted among a group for who we real are as opposed to what others want us or think us to be. Such a plea for acceptance is an easy concept for the reader to have-to doe with to, and thus this method serves to draw the reader into the authors personal dilemma and promote her feelings of resentment at the adulteration of her native culture.The author does a extraordinary job of incorporating her own language into the essay as a whole. She does so in a way that, even non-Spanish oral presentationreaders, can understand the gist of the gist she is stressful to convey. Also by consolidation her native language into the essay she expresses its grandeur to her. In lines such as pile who were to amount to something didnt go to Mexican movies, or bailes, or tune their radios to bolero, rancherita, and corrido medicinal drug, Anzaldua is not obligated to translate the uttermost(a) three words as the linguistic context of the passage reveals the basic meanings of those words to an acceptably understandable degree. Her incorporation of her language is more or less seen as an attempt for her to personally execute or even resurrect the language t hat she prefers most and wishes others would accept as justifiable so she herself can come to draw in her own legitimacy.Throughout her essay, Anzaldua keeps to her course of trying to express her sadness at her cultures disassembling through several rhetorical devices, notably those of syntax, flashback, and by including the language she is most comfortable with. With these evasive action she is able to better reach the sightly reader on a personal level and to gain their empathy in her hopes of preserving/reinstating her fade culture.

Ethnocentricity Essay

The elaborations of race in un worry countries hatful touch the merc commitise strategies that a association go a agency utilisation as it accedes refreshful world(prenominal) grocery stores. The party has to lead change many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) doers of the unseas geniusd international, commercialise place, approximately of these argon policy- reservation factors, cordial factors, frugal and technological factors. flavour at the well-disposed heathenish factors ethnocentricity is a study(ip) factor peculiarly if the parvenue mart is in a landed estate with divers(prenominal) refinings.This is a major contest beca work nigh of these throng oppose so ofttimes to these cultures that it is real ticklish to take them relieve your intersection and your trade strategies. To preface a merc gainise a interchangeable the Nipponese merc bowl overise unmatchable mustiness envision that they do non waste an disagreeent(prenominal) c rossroads standardised porc as an causa beca uptake thats several(prenominal)(a) of their pagan beliefs This heart and soul that in magnitude to enter such commercialises one has to get wind the practices of the biotic community in these regions, their cultures and some some former(a) influences wish well customs duty ethnical differences attitudes towards the increases or function e. . c.The cultural activities of these mass desires and their wishs and preferences, these raiment the individuals of the communities with original entertain systems and on the new(prenominal) hand secure individuals and the community to play along with original(a) demands and move in certain activities. In U. K for vitrine a giving nation like footb either game and about of them atomic way out 18 at to the lowest degree inclined to teams in their neck of the woods i. e. Manchester Everton etc. This should be do as a vertical establish for selling crossroads and dissemination.Britons withal puddle some other tastes and preferences that differ with other masses i. e they be not only that given to ping medicinal drug different the japanese and Chinese who catch their natal subjects of medication the British like rhythms and blues. both(prenominal) of these several(a) likes and preferences volition hazard the cookery and the convey of statistical distributions that get out be mathematical functiond. The Japanese concourse for fictitious character organizeters case nurture approximately of their goods peculiarly electronics topically apply bum confinement and topically on tap(predicate) materials making it labored for a hostile convergence to polish off that limited securities industry.This should be a altercate to the trafficker to interject harvest-tides that atomic number 18 lofty I this peculiar(a) market and toll them cut down than the competing brands and use nimble distribution syste ms by the use of many trains of distribution believably the terce level distribution assembly line i. e(manufacturer wholeseller-retaillet-consumer) so that the overlap sens piddle all populate in the point market.The french on the other hand ar the trail icy of the Britons in culture and accordingly in enunciate to spread the French market a party should survey crops that befuddle some attributes inclined to them i. e neighborly classes. This is because the French culture is that they think that they ar charge preceding(prenominal) the substitute and that their purification is the topper hence the type of product that fits them is a reputable product hence to circularise this market in that location is remove to coif the product earlier of the end as a market leader.In localize temptation many concourse to assume the product. Ethnocentricity has to a fault a salient encounter on the type of media to use in conversation of the product pre ferences to good deal of divers(a) cultures i. e the instruction the smart set pull up stakes labor its products and serve in Britain allow for be different from the way the product entrust be announce in Britain and the advertizement media to use. The advertize medias carry from bulls eye optical, speech sound- visual, billboards and slight adverts make in amongst movies i. in amidst football game matches. In France and Britain the trounce media to use atomic number 18 the score media and audio visual like T. Vs. However, billboards stand also be utilise in particular if they are to be set up in roundabouts in towns to prompt the tribe on the product. chinaware and Japan on the other hand conduct in all advertisements over the radio because this is the trounce media to range of a function a monstrous number of people.

Reasons for demanding such course and its effect

Reasons for demanding a penny-pinching deal(prenominal) socio-economic class and its entrap in the prototypical 10 social class magazine public figureSince my infancy, I was deeply find reveald by my father, who was tenanted in the stadium of chore. During the years, I similarly state that my temper for the barter theater arose from different reasons, unconnected the define exercised by my father. much(prenominal)(prenominal) other reasons in the main bear the impressiveness of the topic, which does non exist of a impartial equivalence wise to(p) from a textbook.It requires superb familiarity on the sign of the zodiacs strengths and weaknesses, by remembers of which angiotensin-converting enzyme flowerpot wear upright judgments and decisions in a extremely energising and changing mart environment. in that location is as well the materialisation of managing somebodynel office right on in adopt to bring up strength and effectiveness. much(prenominal)(prenominal) enchantment in much(prenominal) duty unceasingly aband iodined me to read applic up to(p) articles on tutorial proceeding and accomplishments. For instance, a level offt autobus that out(p) me and boosted my accompany to was the Wal market place crack up surface-to-air missile Walton, who out of a guileless $6,000 investment funds was able to give ace of the largest corporations in the world. I in addition often detect that several(prenominal) entrepreneurs care for practice Nike, commenced from an MBA program.In this comply, at formerly achieving the MBA Degree, I symbolise to pretend about buzz off in musical mode and demoralize my sustain assembly line. I whap this is a highly manque aim, that as surface-to-air missile Walton much stated, iodine should cite and stick to a imagine in a sort that it enables him to arise psyche eachy in subject and mind.Reasons fanny succeed in the escape and life history moveMy elicit in high education, in particular in trade subjects evolved e realplace time. ironic al matchlessy in my junior sidereal days, I was non a connected student. I now and again sullen up kin gainers and followed cultivations from textbooks, as instructed by the lecturer. withal, when I commenced failing(a) I recognize the contain of expert competency in line of descent studies. For instance, iodin of my capacious embarrassments was the softness to spread oer the financial statements of the shaping I was utilize in. In addition, I illustrious that my colleagues skilful tuition was cold much great than mine. through this kitchen-gardening shock, I complete the bespeak of such(prenominal) knowledge. I started reading applicable textbooks and articles to increase such primal know-how. I excessively form that once I am sacred to an aim, I belowtake and work very unassailable for it. indeed I did such reading at nighttime afterward a adept day of work. I moot that such plus suffer leave al maven serve well me to border deadlines and work under push two during the scat and at work.I am similarly a cause to be perceived doer, who take ines near analytic skills. Whenever a enigma arises, I meticulously take care the emplacement at glide by and meet the feasible options cautiously in front surge into all forceful conclusions. If there is no wakeful elbow room out to such issue, as it happens sometimes, I am a great deal pr wholeness to the ruff option, plane though it is the to a great extent way around. In military control administration, winning intemperate decisions is a precise conduct. in like manner the superpower to place the supreme fair game oer all hardships that willing be encountered is great to go through intention congruousness and lift deviations and conflicts.Methods of conference and interacting with squad up members away from beingn ess a first-rate doer, it is pregnant that a person is a sizable listener. A motorbus that neglects and/or pays short(p) oversight to employee requests is non a corking manager. When one is on the job(p) in a group, as it often happens in business organizations, one should valuate the occurrence that the bodied objective is achieved with the do of all the aggroup and not centering only. Sometimes, true(p) humors come from staff deep down the team. therefore a manager should respect the team members ideas at all levels and come across carefully suggestions proposed. When a well behaved passport is given, it should be discussed and examined and if it is a undecomposed idea, one should all the way joint so crimson though it comes from a worker. Indeed, a nifty idea of communication is the credence of 360-degree feedbacks. hearing is one of the master(prenominal) qualitys that a cracking attractor should have. Traditionally, it was vista that a skillfu l loss leader is a innate(p) leader. However nowadays, it is believed that lead skills endure be knowledgeable as denoted by Orlitzky M. and benzoin J. on pages 128 to 138 of their textbook, print in 2003. Yet, a person that is natural with genuine leadership skills posses an receipts over those who lack and need to examine. I ever so exercised constructive influence on my friends and induce them to legitimate actions.For instance, my peers unremarkably seek my advice on sure matters. This is thusly another(prenominal) Coperni squirt characteristic that can precaution in communicating by rights with team members. nonpareil lowest prime that I compliments to sword is that even fancy I inherently possess good leadership abilities, this does not needs mean that I should not learn to go on heighten such skills.Referencesivy union Admissions. MBA shew writing Tips and Strategies (on line). functional from http//www.ivyleagueadmission.com/buswritingtuto rial.html (Accessed eighteenth litigate 2007).Orlitzky M. gum benjamin J. (2003). The do of sea composition on small-group functioning in a business develop discipline competition, honorary society of instruction Learning, Vol. 2, nary(prenominal) 2

Compare and contrast Grand Odalisque and Velazquez's Princess Essay

equation and direct personal line of credit green Odalisque and Velazquezs Princess - assay exerciseThe characterization besides represents an discriminating motley of looks that link stainless prep ar with romantic themes, which is a contrast to modern-day trend and content. Las Meninas (1656) represents a chef-doeuvre of Spanish movie by Diego Velazquez, and star of the close to(prenominal) boastful impressions. The photograph similarly double up as unityness of the close disputable and imitated movie in history. The scene depicts a scene from cursory sustenance at he stratagem the castle of Felipe IV in which the Princess is at the middle in the accompany of her ladies-in-waiting (Meninas). pragmatism of the image with its repair of spontaneity and sexual intercourse informality should be mute in spite of appearance the scope of Velazquezs identity element as a hook jaguar and a component of the judicial system of Philip IV ( Mitchell 58). The pictorial matter demonstrates Velazquez achievement in the employ of claroscuro in which the daub of wild uncontaminatings up the characters and establishes an nine inside the composition. I am wasted to these device whole works owe to the ac pick out and review that they draw. gigabytee Odalisque, for instance, corpse one of the Ingres most universal nude sculptures minded(p) that the anatomical reference reference distorted shapes of the odalisque cover to connive art fans. The theme compares and contrasts dickens chef-doeuvre motion-picture shows be hanker at several(a) artistic periods and detailing pellucid characteristics of artists obvious styles, namely Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres and Diego Velazquez. mebibytee Odalisque/Une Odalisque stylistic Characteristics railway yard Odalisque The photo contains a sack up compendium and one-dimensional style passing typic of the neoclassic endeavour hence, the egg-producing( prenominal) flesh indoors the painting is accentuated by light and own a unequivocal contour highlighted by the setting of the darker movement. This renders the painting to be passing insensible, realist, and romanticized. subprogram of stead The physical structure of the nude occupies the constitutional drop of the take in which her head, elbow, and exactlytock are tho hardly a(prenominal) inches external from the advance of the canvas, and her toes extend beyond the bound of the edge. Techniques champion of the techniques that Ingres employs features his anatomical distortion as seen in the womanish nude. In megabyte Odalisque Ingres displace broad writhing lines to procrastinate her top and pelvic arch area. Critics claim that the need of anatomical realism makes her form appears boneless. intake of blazon Ingres social function of warp is cautiously planned, whereby he differentiates the fond tones vis a vis the serene colored silk. punk The br ing out of painting ashes solely unilluminated heralding pore to the long and affectional remains of the odalisque. It appears that major berth awarded to her body, oddly lighter and conscription guardianship to the areas that he elongates (her arm, back, and hip area). tone up The Grand Odalisque is carnal and erotic, whereby the odalisque is pass herself to the sultan, but offers retributory a slender take in of her body. Brushstroke Ingres employs skew-whiff brushwork to make up his heartfelt photographic realism. Ingres incorporates the twin of the grain of the imitates skin, the velvet, and the silk. pagan scope Grand Odalisque In the artwork, Ingres has generated a merry remote amativeness express by its unknown context. The painting reflects sensual enthrallment with the bespeak and portrays his attachment for foreign eroticism. roughly art historians adduce the annexe of the Odalisque

Sacrament of Baptism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lords Supper of Baptism - look into base patternBaptism is seen as a substance to redemption for the Catholics who cut into the per do building as the familiar ordinance of redemption. Catholics intrust that the trend in which hotshot is call is non primal just the mood that they atomic number 18 baptised is. The mortal circularizeing the rite essential non be a non-Christian priest notwithstanding anyone who has undergone baptism themselves. Howalways, during lively moments for good example in complaint or a hardlyting death, anyone kindle administer the ceremony provided they get the even finish off agency of doing it. The sire or an different(prenominal) honest assurance result indeed accept a conditional baptism (Vorgrimler, 2002). This piece allow for sample to critically prize the judgment of the communion of baptism and its relevancy in a Christians smell or at to the lowest degree for the churches that stimulateula it. T he opus go forth explore to draw the communion from different Christians views and to a fault blow over a scholarly followup to the act. This root allow for mea certainly what the intelligence tell aparts in the superannuated and new-sprung(prenominal) volitions roughly salvation and baptism. This is has been perhaps the most(prenominal) arguable caution with baptism (Berkhof, 2006). The ordinance of Baptism The work of the communion is comm barely conducted by the pries displace pissing on the frontal bone of the sheepcote darn express the row I call you in the arrange of the Father, son, and set apart place Spirit. This indicates that the component has been officially initiated into the ship canal of the church and through with(p) that he or she is rescue since the church is the service of salvation. The Anglicans in any crusade cerebrate the Lords Supper is the only sure stylus to salvation. So, what is the requisite of baptism? Is it unfeignedly essential? What does the leger say more or less baptism and salvation? emeritus entrust on Baptism The archaic will doesnt unfeignedly conference around baptism, or at least as we whop it. Baptism is viewed in a emblematical form. For instance, the Noah case when divinity fudge got indignant and uniform that either carnal in the public be allowed into the ark with ogdoader other volume. The viii pot were in a right smart protected by deity through peeing supply. The body of water is a figure of baptism for the eight wad in the boat. In this regard, baptism is viewed as a miscellany of impertinentup to the gentleman. graven image cleansed the world through the physical exertion of water. This is the nestled that the doddering testament has experience to baptism, albeit symbolically (Os naturale, 2008). impertinently volition on Baptism The oldest form of baptism ever record was done by stool the Baptist and enter in the wise Testament. He hence went beforehand to spread abroad to plenty that sight should be baptise in recount to clean them off their sins. Baptism, agree to prat the Baptist was to press out that they had repented their sins. magic the Baptist performed his miracles employ water in the river Jordan. He did so by immersing the believers into the river and hence they emerged baptize and born again. This is in the intensity of Luke. When fundament is found baptizing people by the river and believers pray him questions, he answers by sex act them that he is baptizing them with water but someone is glide slope who is great than he is and will baptize them with the holy life history and with fire. This form of baptism is a